The presented work, based on new archival documents and scholarship, analyzes the formation in 1872 of the spiritual administrations of Shiites and Sunnis of Transcaucasia in the center of the Caucasus viceroyalty – Tbilisi (Tiflis)– and their existence until 1917. The work examines the legal successor of these administrations – The Spiritual Administration of Muslims (Shiites and Sunnis) of Transcaucasia (Mashikhat) – a topic that is completely unexamined in Georgian historiography.

Arnold Ziserman was a 19th-century Russian official who served in the Caucasus for twenty-five years and published numerous interesting articles in periodicals of that era. The first folklore texts he published in their original form were the legends of the founding of the Gudani and Lashari Cross, as well as of the village of Gudani. This article discusses the peculiarities of these texts.

The Way to Rainy Mountain, by the Native American writer Scott Momaday, explores the core of identity for his native Kiowa tribe. In this work, cultural identity, memory, and ancestral heritage are deeply connected. Momaday blends myths, legends, and family stories, illustrating how storytelling helps preserve and renew a tribe’s collective memory. Oral tradition plays a vital role in Native American studies. The article seeks to show the importance of Kiowa folk storytelling. Native American oral traditions enrich academic discussions and bring us closer to Kiowa cultural roots.

In Karlo Kacharava's poetry, the artistic image of bread embodies social, religious, and cultural meanings and serves as a subject of philosophical reflection for understanding universal human themes and the characteristics of the era.

Through bread image-symbols, the author highlights the most significant problems of the era, creating highly artistic and original poetic images.

This article examines several cases of irony, laughter, and humor in Georgian hagiographical monuments, specifically in: “The Martyrdom of Shushanik”, “The Martyrdom of Eustathius of Mtskheta”, “The Life of John and Euthymius”, “The Life of George of Mt. Athos", and the work "The Miracles of Saint George”. The article demonstrates the purpose for which hagiographers use laughter and other elements of comedy. The viewpoint is expressed that the presence of such elements in the image of a saint gives Georgian hagiography a certain specificity.

The article examines the relationship between word formation and grammatical gender in Tsova-Tush. It analyses roots whose meaning changes through the attachment of different gender markers, and distinguishes between fossilized gender markers that once served a syntactic function and those that may exhibit derivational properties.

The article examines the potential for annotating and constructing syntactic trees for several standard sentences from domain-specific texts, specifically German and Georgian banking contracts. Syntax trees are a fundamental element of natural language processing systems.

The article covers all the main historical sources that offer information about the ancient deity Ainina [/Anian]. The names mentioned are related to one part of the complex name of the Sumerian mother goddess [Sum. “Nin” –> “mother”, “lady”], which likely reflects the religious connection or unity of Georgian culture with ancient intermediary cultures. Based on historical sources, the article also presents the viewpoint regarding the shared origin of the names of the deity Ainina and the toponym Ananuri.

This article examines the distribution of stop phonemes in the Abkhaz language through statistical analysis. The distribution of phonemes is investigated across word-initial (anlaut), word-medial (inlaut), and word-final (auslaut) positions. A comparative analysis is provided, and the results are presented in a table for clarity. The study is based on the National Corpus of the Abkhaz Language, which represents a novel approach to investigating Abkhaz phonetics and phonology. It aims to thoroughly develop the topic through corpus research methods, contributing to further comparative and typological studies in this area.